\subsection{Glossary}
Following, the most important key words used in this thesis will be briefly explained and clarified.\\
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\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{@{} p{3.1cm} X @{}}
	Municipal solid waste (MSW) & Waste from households, usually including non-hazardous streams of commercial and industrial waste \cite{McKinseyCenter2015}. The composition varies strongly among and also within countries, including organic material, paper, glass, metal, plastic and other compounds. \cite{Hoornweg2012}\\
	Sanitary landfill & Government operated facility to where MSW is deposited. At a selected and controlled location, placement is registered, waste is compacted and covered and measures for leachates, final top cover and closure exist. Energy recovery from gases possible \cite{Hoornweg2012}. \\
	Controlled Landfill & Similar to sanitary landfills but with overall lesser quality. Sites may be less selectively chosen and the control and treatment of leachate and gases might be reduced \cite{Hoornweg2012}. \\
	Controlled Dump & Non government operated facility where MSW is deposited. This includes site selection, controlled access and sometimes compaction of waste. Neither leachages or gases are monitored or treated. Often includes landfills operated by private agencies \cite{Hoornweg2012}. \\
	Uncontrolled dumps & Illegal sites where MSW is regularly and directly deposited by both the local population or from within the waste collection system. No engineering measures or controls \cite{Hoornweg2012,McKinseyCenter2015}. \\
	Incineration & Burning of MSW to reduce the volume by up to 90\%. Controlled incineration controls the emissions and generates energy. Uncontrolled incineration (open burning) creates high air pollution due to the low temperature combustion. Due to the waste composition, addition of fuel might be necessary (high fraction of organic material). Residuals require the use of a sanitary landfill \cite{Hoornweg2012}. \\
	Recycling & There are two types of recycling: Closed loop recycling, where the waste materials are reused for the same or similar-quality application and cascaded recycling, where the waste products are used in lower-value applications. Recycling rates vary among the waste types: 80-90\% for iron and steel, 58\% for paper, \texttildelow50\% for PET plastics (whereas 7\% are used in a closed loop recycling), 14\% for plastic packaging but only 5\% for all plastics combined \cite{EllenMacArthurFoundation2016}. \\
	Composting & Aerobic process to treat organic waste compounds. Preferably it avoids forming methane formed under aerobic conditions (as opposed to landfills and dumps) \cite{Hoornweg2012}. \\
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	Plastic & 	\begin{tabular}{@{} p{3cm} p{6.5cm} >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{1.3cm} >{\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{1.6cm}  @{}}
					\multicolumn{4}{@{} p{13.7cm}}{Plastic consists of hundreds of materials with different properties. All of them are based on organic material, either on fossil fuel or on renewable bio materials such as cellulose or vegetable oils \cite{PlasticsEurope2016,PlasticsEurope2017}. As plastics from renewable sources only make up 1\% (4Mt) of the total plastic production in 2015 \cite{Geyer2017} they are neglected in this work. The most common plastics produced and their use, share of the demand in 2016 in the EU28 plus Norway and Switzerland and density is as follows:}\\
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					\textbf{Type} & \textbf{Usage} \cite{PlasticsEurope2017,EllenMacArthurFoundation2016}& \textbf{Share} \cite{PlasticsEurope2017,EllenMacArthurFoundation2016}& \textbf{Density (g/ml)} \cite{Moret-Ferguson2010} \\
					PET & Drink bottles and food containers & 7.4\% & 1.38-1.41 \\
					PE-HD and PE-MD & Milk bottles, freezer bags & 12.3\% & 0.94-0.97 \\
					PE-LD and PE-LLD & Cling wrap, rubbish bags, reusable bags & 17.5\% & 0.89-0.93 \\
					PVC & Cosmetic containers, pipes, window frames & 10.0\% & 1.16-1.41 \\
					PP & Microwave dishes, sweet and snack wrappers, automotive parts & 19.3\% & 0.85-0.92 \\
					PS and PS-E & Plastic cutlery, egg trays (PS) and foamed polystyrene used for take-away food containers and protective packaging (PS-E) & 6.7\% & 1.04-1.08 \\
					Others & water cooler bottles, flexible films, optical fiber. & 19.3\% & \\
				\end{tabular} \\
\end{tabularx}